The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.
